Direct-acting engine



(No Model.)

- lB.` BRAZ-E-LLB.'

DIRECT `ACTING ENGINE. v

N. PETERS. Phaleruxhogmymf. wnahingmn, D C

40 i i lyy, respectively,oi'1fFig. l; Figf, a vertical 1transverse section through the cap and handle detached, and Fig. Gaviewin elevation of the `regulating-valve.um` f i* v n UNITED .ASTATES APnrlnrn OFFICE.

" `t`BurninMin BRAZELLE, on srrours, MISSOURI. l

kDrater-ACTINc ENGIN E.

forming part of Letters .PatentNm 284,173, dated September 4, 1883.

Application filed June V8, 1883.` (No model.) l

To a/ZZ whom it may concern: i Be it known that I, .BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, of St'. Louisin" the county` of St.` Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new `and useful Improvements in; Direct-Acting Steam or: Pneumatic Engines, of which im-` provements the following isa specification.

My invention is an improvement upon that forwhieh ILetters ratentof thennned states, f

JN. 271,78l,.were.granted and issued to me u nder date of February 6, 1883, and its object i is to simplify and perfect the construction and l operation of an enginelof the character of that calking, riveting, s tone-cutting, and the like.

To these' ends my improvements consist in certain` novel devices and combinations embraclng a tubular piston-rod provided with inlet and discharge passages, a" distributionvalve adapted toi reciprocate `within saidpiston-rod, a hammer-head iitting in and connected removablyto saidpiston-rod, a regulati fing or controlling valve governing the supply of 1 p operating-Huid to thelpiston, a cylindrical hanleo dlefand internal spring for operatingthe regulating-valve, and a removable stock or tool cas- 1 `ingffitting upon the .cylinder and carrying ai cutting, riveting, or other tool. The improve- 1 ments claimed are' hereinafter more fully` set forth. l

In the accompanying drawings, Figures li `and `2 are vertical `longitudinal central sec- `tionsthrough a direct-acting engine embody- `ing my invention and adapted to` operate` as af f chipping-machine, thepistons being shown at "theuppler and the: lower extremities of their p stroke, respectively; Figs. `3 and 4, transverse sections through the same at the lines a: x and The cylinder. Aof the machine is beren out concentrically to two different diameters, its

\ larger and smaller bores extendnglinoppoy site directions from a point at or near the midua tubular piston-rod,"]3, formed in one piece with or secured to the piston'. The piston-.rod B is bored out` centrally to provide a cylindrical chest or cavity, b3, extending from its lower end to or slightly within the piston J3, said cavity communicating, by an inlet-passagapb, formed in the piston, with the cylinder A above said piston, andcommunicating, Vby one or more l inlet-passages, b', formed in the piston-rod at such portion of its length as willcorrespond to the friction of the strokeatwhich it is de-I sired toV eut oft the supply 'of steam or air lwhich operates the piston, with the cylinder `A `belowr said piston. `An, inlet-passage, b2,

alsoeXtends from the cavity b3 to the outside of 65 the piston-rod, below the passage b', and a longitudinal exhaust-passage, b4, (one or more,) `extends from the lower end of thepiston-rod to thecavity b3 at apoint adjacent to the piston. A central huborb0ss,b, formedupon the piston diits withina corresponding cylindrical recess, a2, inthe cap or cover A2 of the cylinder, when the piston is at the upper eX-` tremity of its stroke. A cylindrical distribution-valve, C, having a'central supply passage,

c, extending from its top for the maj or portion lof itslength, is iittedneatly within the cavity b3 of the piston-rod, its supply-passage c communicating by ports e2. with an annular recess, c', in `its periphery., The lower end of the cavity c3 is closed by a removable hammer-.p

stock, G, carrying ahammer, G', upon its outer end and iitting accurately within the cavity. A balanced regulating or controlling valve, D, formed of two .cylindrical pistons united by an intermediate stem, is fitted within a valvecasing, A,formed upon the cylinder A, and a `supply-pipe, c, to which may be connected a "flexible `pipe for conveying steam'or air to the l machine, is secured to anozzle, c', upon the casing, the inner openingof said nozzle being uncovered toa greater or less degree, as required, ybyy proper movements of the regulat- .ing-valvelas governed by the-operator.. Such `movements are effected, as required, by means of a tubular cylindrical handle, E, which is iitted to rotate at one end upon apin or bolt,

An arm, d, having adisk, d',

valve D, the disk d havinga longitudinal slot,

controlling-valve. A helical spring, e3, is secured at one end to the block e', and, surroundjing the bolt e, bears at its opposite end against a stop or shoulder, e4, on the handle E, the action of said spring being to maintain the controlling-valve D in its lowest position, in which it completely closes the opening of the inletnozzle a', except when the handle is turned by the operator in the opposite direction, and held in such position as to cause the valve D to uncover the inlet-opening to the extent required.

rIhe cylinder A is counterbored or formed of greater internal diameter at and adjacent to its lower end, which is entirely open, and a cylindrical tool stock or handle, F, having a chisel, riveting-hammer, or other suitable tool, F, formed upon or secured to its lower end, is fitted easily around the periphery of the cylinder A. An exhaust-outlet, f, is formed in the lower end of the tool-stock, and its upper end rests against a shoulder on the cylinder. In this instance the chisel F is secured to the stock by a key'or cotter, f, and as the stock is readily insertible on and removable from the cylinder, any desired number of stocks with their attached tools may be provided for each machine, so as to admit of grinding, repairs, or desired changes of tools to be made without interfering with the use of the remaining mechanism.

Itwill be obvious that in the adaptation of the engine to use as a pump or stamp, or in otherapplications of the reciprocating rmovement of its piston, the controlling-valve and its operating devices and the tool-stock will bedispensed with, and proper connections, which do not constitute part of my invention, must be made to the piston-rod.

In operation, the parts being in the positions shown in Fig. l, the operator holds the machine in desired position upon the work,

applying one hand to the tool-stock F and the other to the handle E of the controlling-valve, through which he regulates, from time to time,

as required, the supply of steam or air adelevation of the distribution-valve, opened between the cylinder A and the distributionvalve C through the passage b, steam or air passes through said passage and through the passages c2, c, and b5 to the upper sideof lthe piston and effects thedownward stroke thereof, in the course of which the supply will be y cut off as the passage b enters the smaller bore of the cylinder, the location 'of said passage governing the degree of expansion. The force of the blow struck by the hammer G upon the chisel F is proportionate to the supply as regulated by the valve D. At the termination of the downward stroke the air or steam inclosed within the cavity b3 below the distribution-valve C escapes therefrom through the passage b2, which is uncovered by entering the counterbore at the lower end of the cylinder A, and the distribution valve C is forced downward by the pressure above it into the position shown in Fig. 2, uncovering the upper end of the exhaust-passage b4, and the steam or air which has effected the downward stroke escapes through the passage b4 and exhaust-opening f. The upward stroke is effected by the steam or air withinthe cylinder'- acting upon the lower and smaller area of the piston,y pressure having been removed, as stated, from its upper side. .The upward stroke will, as is desirable, be made at a slower rate of speed than the downward stroke, and the piston will be cushioned at its termination by they entrance of the boss b into the recess a2.

Among the special advantages of my improvements are simplicity and cheapness in the construction of the machine, and the presentation of such convenient and effective facilities for operation as enable the operator to guide and govern its movements with accuracy and dispatch, and without undue fatigue or discomfort. 'Ihe readiness with which the I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination of a cylinder, a piston fitting therein, a tubular piston-rod formed on or secured to said piston and provided with inlet and exhaust passages, and a distributionvalve fitting -within said pistonrod, saidvalve IOO having a longitudinal passage extending from one of its ends to alateral port or ports adjacent to its opposite end, the passage and port being adapted to communicate alternately with the inlet and outlet passages of the piston-rod, and to thereby govern the supply and exhaust of motive iiuid to and from the piston, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a cylinder which is bored out to different diameters for different portions of its length, a piston fitting the larger diameter of said cylinderand secured upon a tubular rod having inlet and exhaust passages, a distribution-valve adapted to reciprocate within said rod, and a lateral inlet-passage formed in said `rod and so located as to cut off the supply of operatingiuid from the internal distributionvalve and piston in the traverse of the rod from the larger to the smaller bore of `the cylinder.

8. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a cylinder bored out to different diameters at different portions of its length, and having a recess or counterbore at the outer `end of its smaller bore, a piston fitting the larger bore of said cylinder and connected to atubular rod having inlet and exhaust passages and fitting the smaller bore,a` distribution- :valve fitting VWithin a longitudinal recess inV said rod, and a lateral passage communicating with said recess and adapted to act as an inlet thereto when communicating with the larger bore of the cylinder, and an outlet therefrom when communicating with the counterbore.

4. The combination, substantially asset forth, of a cylinder, a piston and rod Working therein, a distribution-valve,` and a regulating `or controlling valve governing the supply of operating-fluid to the distributionyalve, and actuated by a handle which is movable axially about a line at right angles to the traverse of the piston. y

f5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a cylinder, a hollowr handle movable inbearings on standards connected to the cap( or cover of the cylinder a regulatingvalve coupled to said hollow handle, and a spring located Within said handle and bearing at one end against a stop thereon, and at the other against an abutment fixed relatively to the bearings thereof.

6. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a cylinder, a piston and rod Working therein, a hammer connected to said pistonrod, and a cutting or striking tool connected to a tool stock or casing fitting around the periphery ofthe cylinder, and adapted to serve as a handle for the operator.

7. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a piston, a tubular piston-rod con-V nected thereto, a distribution-valve tting in a longitudinal recess in said pistonwrod, anda hammer secured to a stock fitting into one end of said piston-rod.

BENJ. BRAZELLE.

Vitnesses:

J. SNOWDEN BELL, Trios. D. COTTMAN. 

